The Platonic and Aristotelian Views on the Role and...

Introduction Women’s rights and societal roles have varied throughout history. Yet, a common theme that is notable across many times and cultures is the notion that women are inferior to men. In ancient Greece, the opinion toward women followed this trend, and women were often overlooked in how they could contribute to society. It was rarely considered that the traits women share could be of use beyond their household duties. In this essay I will analyze the Platonic and Aristotelian views on the role and status of women. Although Plato and Aristotle had distinct beliefs on what women could contribute to the collective well being of society, they shared similar opinions about the genuine status that women had in comparison to men. The†¦show more content†¦In the Republic of Plato, Plato’s views are described through his teacher Socrates, and it is in Book V of the Republic that Plato’s view on the role of women is illuminated. The discussion until this p oint in the Republic had concerned the search for justice within the city and within the soul. At the end of Book IV, justice in the city was found within the principle of specialization, that each should adhere to the work they are best suited for. Likewise, justice within the individual was discovered within the tripartite structure of the soul, and resonated when the rational part of the soul ruled over the spirited and appetitive sections (Republic 440c-445e). Although the search for justice at the city-level and within the individual had been found the question of justice led into the further discussions of equally fundamental questions. In Book V the discussion delved into the idea of a community of women and children. This proposal had arisen from Socrates’ discussion of the lifestyle of the guardian class. The societal structure that Plato offered contained three main classes: The workers, auxiliary and the guardians. He advanced the view that although society must contain all three, it was the guardian class that possessed the wisdom and truth within society; therefore those within the guardian class must be brought up with the utmost care. Since the guardian class was so fundamental to the good of the community those within it hasShow MoreRelatedLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pagesof patristic inspiration. However, the later history of ideas was not sympathetic to Descartes: nowadays, when one looks up the term â€Å"metaphysical dualism† in dictionaries or glossaries, even in the studies of prestigious researchers, one will find views similar to those of the unfaithful disc iple Regius. The resilience of this locus obscurus is explained both by the power of a new mode of interpreting discourse (as technical or logical analysis) and by the ever more privileged position of the readerRead MoreCompare and Contrast Functionalism and Structuralism14315 Words   |  58 Pagesanother psychologist, Frances Cherry (Cherry 2007), drawing upon feminist theory, argued that the sexist assumptions, prevalent in the 1960s, were a more likely explanation of what happened. In those days, she said, a lot of men’s violence towards women was not really treated as a crime. The police in the USA and the UK usually treated attacks like this – even very violent ones – as ‘domestic’ incidents and hence private matters. Worse, common wisdom at that time assumed that any woman stupid or brazenRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthe understanding of matters divine, natural and moral, and on the other as the premise for mag ic, which is its conclusio. In the first section there are verbal echoes of al-Fà ¢rà ¢bà ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Classification of the Sciences (Ihsà ¢ al-’Ulà »m) and the Neo-Platonic doctrines of the pseudo-Empedocles. The chapter ends with an excursus on the definition of some logical concepts, suggested by the word conclusio. Chapter 2 gives a definition of magic according to the Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and of talismans according toRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesactualized in analysis). The work of the contemporary French linguist Andrà © Martinet provides the author with more methodological concepts (see Elements of General Linguistics, translated by Elizabeth Palmer. London: Faber Faber, 1960; also, A Functional View of Language, Oxford University Press, New York, 1962). Especially important is Martinet s theory of double articulation, according to which the potentially unlimited number of linguistic statements a language system may express is derived from a few

Relationship Between My Father And It - 1425 Words

Relationships are one of the most important necessities to living out a normal life, especially those whom are family relationships. I’ve grown to develop strong family relations from both sides of the family tree. There have been periods of time where the frequency of communication slows, but for the most part I’m close with many members of my family. School can get busy, making it difficult to put forth that extra effort to remain in contact with many of my intermediate family members. The relationship between my father and it has suffered due to the frequency of communication; which negatively impacted our closeness. Now, it wasn’t only the frequency of communication, but our overall relationship that seemed to stop evolving after†¦show more content†¦Although conversation and conformity are big pieces to this study, the model that they use to measure the influence of communication between parent and child is what really resonates with my father and I ’s situation. The authors of this study concluded that the communication style of the parent directly influences the communication development of both parent and child (2003). What Carole means by this is that the parent sets up the communicative norms for conversation between the child, which directly shapes the conversation style between parent and child. With all of that being said, I relate to these findings on a deep level because the conversational norms that play a role in our current relationship came from my father, and directly effected how I converse with him. Since my dad has a conversation orientation approach to communication, he is and has been strict on what we discussed. As a younger kid, I remember my father having a little to no patience when it came to speaking during certain socially appropriate situations. Even when I was a young teenager, he kept his authoritative presence which hindered our relationship from getting to a deeper level. This piece of evi dence by Carole then lead me to think what exactly was going on with our abnormal relationship; and then I realized the complexity of our relationship. My father has values and past perspectives on how fathersShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between My Brother And Father953 Words   |  4 PagesBetween my brother Joe and I, you could not find another pair so unalike. Despite growing up in the same household, ate at the same table, we experienced different things. After our experiences, Joseph became an exceedingly negative man. The man ignorant to others feelings; careless to everyone else’s convenience. Impatience, arrogant, chauvinistic and shrewd. I am the opposite of my brother, which makes me proud. Unlike Joesph, I’ve learned from my experiences. My outlook on life has not been jadedRead MoreInterpersonal Relationship Between My Father And I Had1737 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this Interpersonal relationship analysis, I will be analyzing the Interpersonal relationship that my father and I had. I will give a little background on the relationship which we had, explain how the different concepts that we have covered in our class effected our relationship, through research and interviews conducted, and conclude with how the lessons learned from and through the relationship we had are still present today, even though my father is no longer alive. There are severalRead MoreAnalysis Of My Fathers Song818 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems â€Å"My Father’s Song† by Simon J. Ortiz and â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke, these two poems express uniqueness and similarities. In the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† a young child describes his time spent with his father. In the poem â€Å"My Father’s Song† a grown man remembers the previous memories of time spent with his father, when he was a child. These two poems coincide through tone, word choice, and figurative language to show the relationship between a father and son. The boy portraysRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On A Child Relationship Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagescreates less contact with the father which is received as poor compared to the mother. Although fathers have a significantly less amount of contact with their children after divorce, therefore showing that childhood influences have lasting impressions on personal relationships. Fathers become very unhappy about the reduction in contact with their minor-aged children after divorce. Studies in Europe have shown the same negative effects as the United States and their relationships are equally as negativeRead MoreThose Winter Sondays And My Papas Waltz Analysis924 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between a father and his son is a sacred bond that is evident in all cultures. Although most fathers typically share a special kind of love for their sons, this affection can be displayed in many different ways. This theme of father and son love is expressed in the poems Those Winter Sundays, by Robert Hayden, and My Papa’s Waltz, by Theodore Roethke. Both of these authors use imagery and an extended metaphor to depict two different relationships between father and son. In My Papa’sRead MoreEssay on Love Found Within Battered Knuckles and Cracked Hands690 Words   |  3 Pagesaffectionate father that is fully involved in every aspect of a child’s life. Others portray a more detached father that focuses on one specific role within that child’s life. Traditionally, that one specific role is that of provider. Often, the manner in which a father communicates and shows his love for a child is based upon the role in which he plays. Accordingly, the poems â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden both portray the relationship between a fatherRead MoreTheodore Roethke And My Papas Waltz And Those Winter Sundays754 Words   |  4 PagesRoethke’s â€Å"My papas waltz† and Robert Haydens â€Å"Those winter Sundays† are both poems who speak about their conflicting fathers. The speakers in the poems are both young boys who do not understand the mea ning of love. In Robert Hayden’s â€Å"Those winter Sundays,† the speaker is showing lack of appreciation towards the speakers father. In contrast, Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My papas waltz,† will show a brief moment of acknowledgement towards the speakers fathers hard work. Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My papas waltz†Read MoreFamily Dynamics in Homers Iliad969 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationships between parents and their sons in the Iliad are not relationships we expect to see in today’s society. The Iliad portrays the relationships between fathers and sons as something more than just physical and emotional. It is based on pride and respect for one another. The expectations of their son are more so to pass on their fathers reputable name and to follow in their father’s footsteps of being noble warriors. These relationships are the driving forces in the Iliad, making eachRead MoreAnalysis Of Arm Wrestling With My Father And Sho oting Dad By Brad Manning And Sarah Vowell913 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Arm Wrestling with My Father† and â€Å"Shooting Dad† written by Brad Manning and Sarah Vowell, respectively, portrays a damaged and rough relationship that a son and/or daughter holds with his father. Although they both find themselves struggling, they are dealing with different things, Manning is dealing with a physical bounding, while Vowell finds herself handling a more emotional and communicative type of bonding. Eventually, both characters find themselves in a mature relationship over time. The charactersRead MoreEssay on Role of Nature in Mary Shelley’s Mathilda1668 Words   |  7 PagesShelley’s Mathilda acts as an underlying theme for the incestuous affair between Mathilda and her father and its unruly consequences. Their relationship is a crime against the laws of Nature and causes Mathilda to become ostracized from the very world that she loved as a child. Shelley†™s implementation of naturalistic imagery accentuates the unlawful and subsequent ramifications of the relationship between Mathilda and her father and contrasts the ideals and boundaries of the natural and spiritual worlds

Business Financing and the Capital Structure Free Essays

Raising Business Capital As a financial advisor to this business there are two options to consider for raising business capital, equity financing and debt financing. The details, advantages, and disadvantages of both options will be provided. Also information about raising capital by selecting an investment banker will be discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Financing and the Capital Structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now To wrap up, the historical relationships between risk and return for common stocks versus corporate bonds will be examined. Equity Financing In terms of equity financing it is the process of raising capital through the sale of shares in an enterprise (National Federation of Independent Business, 2011). Equity financing is the sale of an ownership interest to raise funds for business purposes. â€Å"Equity financing spans a wide range of activities in scale and scope, from a few thousand dollars raised by an entrepreneur from friends and family, to giant initial public offerings (IPOs) running into the billions by household names such as Google and Facebook† (Kokemuller, 2013). The equity-financing process is governed by regulations imposed by local or national securities authority in most jurisdictions. The regulations are designed to protect the public from investing with unhonest operators who may raise funds from unsuspecting investors and disappear with the money. An equity financing is therefore generally accompanied by an offering memorandum or prospectus, which  contains a great deal of information that should help the investor make an informed decision about the merits of the financing (National Federation of Independent Business, 2011). Such information includes the company’s activities, details on its officers and directors, use of financing proceeds, risk factors, financial statements and so on. Advantages The main advantage of equity financing is that it doesn’t have to be repaid. Plus, you share the risks and liabilities of company ownership with the new investors. Since you don’t have to make debt payments, you can use the cash flow generated to further grow the company or to diversify into other areas. Maintaining a low debt-to-equity ratio also puts you in a better position to get a loan in the future when needed. Disadvantages There are tradeoffs with equity financing, the disadvantage of it is by taking on equity investment, you give up partial ownership and some level of decision-making authority over your business. Large equity investors often insist on placing representatives on company boards or in executive positions. If your business takes off, you have to share a portion of your earnings with the equity investor. Over time, distribution of profits to other owners may exceed what you would have repaid on a loan. Equity financing is different from debt financing, which refers to funds borrowed by a business. Debt Financings According to Investopedia, debt financing is when a firm raises money for working capital or capital expenditures by selling bonds, bills, or notes to individual and/or institutional investors. In return for lending the money, the individuals or institutions become creditors and receive a promise that the principal and interest on the debt will be repaid (Investopedia, 2012). Advantages The advantage of debt financing is it allows you to pay for new buildings, equipment and other assets used to grow your business before you earn the necessary funds. This can be a great way to pursue an aggressive growth strategy, especially if you have access to low interest rates. Compared to equity financing, businesses do not have to give up any ownership or control of the business with debt financing. After the loan is paid back the businesses relationship is completed. Other advantages of debt financing are the interest on the loan is tax deductible and if the loan is fixed rate the principal and interest can be planned in the budget (Kokemuller, 2013). Disadvantages The main disadvantage associated with debt financing is that you have to repay the loan, plus interest. If a company does not pay back the loan in the terms agreed upon the property and assets can be repossessed by the bank. Debt financing is also borrowing against future earnings. This means that instead of using all future profits to grow the business or to pay owners, you have to allocate a portion to debt payments. Overuse of debt can severely limit future cash flow and stifle growth. Is debt financing is not properly monitored and controlled it can hurt the business. If too much debt is carried the business and owner will be seen as â€Å"high risk† by potential investors and that will limit the ability to raise capital by equity financing in the future. Debt can also make it difficult for a business to grow if the cost of repaying the loan is high. Investment Bank Another option for raising capital is selecting an investment bank. They are financial institutions and individuals who assist companies in raising capital, often through a private placement or public offering of company stock. Sometimes investment bankers are referred to as brokers or deal makers. Companies frequently use investment bankers to help identify available financing options and obtain introductions to funding sources (Growth Company Guide, 2000). Investment banks also provide up-to-date advice on the conditions of fundraising for private companies. Because investment bankers make a business of raising money for companies, they can often be quite helpful to a company in analyzing its funding needs, identifying the most likely or appropriate sources for raising money and executing a fundraising strategy (Growth Company Guide, 2000). An investment bank can help, but the quality of a company’s opportunity and the strength of its management team determines the amount of options open for a given fundraising. Investment bankers also vary in quality, resources, experience and contacts. Investment bankers who are experienced with the company’s industry and the type of financing it needs, can often help a company raise funds. If they are unfamiliar with the company’s industry or the type of financing being sought, they may actually hinder a company’s financing efforts. Common Stocks versus Corporate Bonds It is commonly known and accepted among investors that the higher the returns on an investment, the higher the risks are. Safe investments carry low risk, but the returns are also lower. Different levels of risk apply to common and preferred stock, as well as to corporate bonds. Corporate bonds generally have the lowest level of risk of the three investment types, but also offer lower returns, even with regular dividend payments. Common stocks have the highest risk of the investments and the highest potential returns. Common Stocks When you purchase stock in a company during a public offering, you become a shareholder in the company. Some companies pay dividends to shareholders based on the number of shares held, and this is one form of return on investment. Another is the profit realized by trading on the stock exchange, but one must sell the shares at a higher price than paid for. The risks of owning common stock include the possible loss of any projected profit, as well as the money paid for the shares, if the share price drops below the original price Corporate Bonds Bonds issued by companies represent the largest of the bond markets, bigger than U.S. Treasury bonds, municipal bonds, or securities offered by federal agencies (Sandilands, T. 2013). The risk associated with corporate bonds depends on the financial stability and performance of the company issuing the bonds, because if the company goes bankrupt it may not be able to repay the value of the bond, or any return on investment. Assess the risk by checking the company’s credit rating with ratings agencies such as Moody’s  and Standard Poor’s. Good ratings are not guarantees, however, as a company may show an excellent credit record until the day before filing for bankruptcy (Sandilands, T. 2013). Risk Corporate bonds hold the lowest risk of the two types of investments, provided you choose the right company in which to invest. The main reason for this is that in the event of bankruptcy, corporate bond holders have a stronger claim to payment than holders of common stocks. Bonds carry the risk of a lower return on investment, as the performance of stocks is generally better. Common stocks carry the highest risk, because holders are last to be paid in the event of bankruptcy. How to cite Business Financing and the Capital Structure, Papers