Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Stress - Essay Example In general, stress comes in numerous forms. Working individuals may experience work-related stress whereas other people may have to go through physical stress related to illness or hormonal changes and emotional stress such as grievance due to the death or loss of a special someone. Stressors are commonly classified as external or internal. (Ward et al., 2003) External stressors may come from extreme physical condition like chronic pain and hot or cold temperatures as well as stressful psychological environments caused by poor working environment or being in an abusive relationship. On the other hand, internal stressors can be related to physical abnormalities related to inflammation or infection. It can also be caused by psychological factors such as excessive worrying. Even though the role of emotional regulation between stress and hypertension remains unclear (Gerin et al., 2002), several studies show that negative emotions such as anger, anxiety and frustrations could increase the physiological stress which normally causes a person to experience hypertension. (Lawler et al., 1998; Miller et al., 1998) These internal or external stressors, regardless of whether the stress occurs over a short- or long-term period, could negatively affect people physically, mentally, and emotionally. Regardless of age, several studies show that a stressful condition could cause a person to experience a significant decrease in the performance of their declarative memory (Lupien et al., 1997; Kirschbaum et al., 1996; Newcomer et al., 1995) aside from the fact that it could increase a person’s risk of developing type II diabetes (Harris and White, 2007). Stress has also a huge impact on a person’s heart and circulation system especially among postmenopausal women. (Kivimà ¤ki et al., 2002; Bairey Merz et al., 1998) In some cases, stress causes a person to experience

Orthomyxovirus (influenza) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orthomyxovirus (influenza) - Research Paper Example Severe, hospitalizations as well as death normally occur when such pandemic occurs. Though, the pandemic is less serious, it causes extensive morbidity when it occurs. Wilson and von Itzstein points out that two attributes of the virus occurring during replication and its evolution are the ones that makes this virus to be successful in its epidemiological (165). These attributes are its ability to circulate freely in the avian water reservoirs, and emerge without being predicted and spread easily in people. The second attribute is its comparatively quick and unpredictable antigenic transformation that is associated with its evolution the moment they infect the human population. This short paper details some aspects of the influenza virus. Discuss the virus morphology Influence virus is highly pleomorphic; this implies that the envelope of the virus can appear in spherical or filamentous shapes. However, as Jin and Leser (98) explain, the virus’s has a spherical morphology with 50 to 120 nm particles in diameter. The virus also has a filamentous virions measuring 20 nm in diameter, while the measure 200 to 300 nm long. At the same time, the virus has some 500 distinctive spear-like surface protrusions that emerge on the envelope each protruding about 10 nm. Other types of the virus fro example hemagglutinin esterase (HEP) are thickly dispersed on surface, while others like hemagglutinin (HA) spaced sparsely apart. Various strains of this virus differ in the way they form their filaments. Genome: Ito and Gorman (66) explains that influenza A and B viruses have six to eight fragments of linear single stranded RNA, each of this RNA has one or more protein, but type C has got seven fragments. Accordingly, the whole length of genome measures abo ut 10000 nucleotides long. However, the length of genome varies extensively among these three groups of viruses, the difference sometimes occurs even in the same type among the various strains (Jin, and Leser, 99). Structure: the influence has an orthomyxovirus comprising of an envelope, layer of protein, polymerase complex and a nucleocapsid, and has a capsid envelop. Replication There have been extensive studies done on replication of influenza viruses mainly on type A strains, thus replication discussed in this section will mainly be linked to this strain. Ito and Gorman points out that the influenza virus is able to infect a cell by binding it’s HA or HEF protein a cell’s protein receptor (67). The virus then goes through the process of endocytosis, during this process the low PH observed in the late phase of endocytosis results in conformational transformation in the cleavage –activated HA. This leads to a joining (fusion) of the viral and vesicular film. T he fusion of the viral and vesicular discharges its contents of the viruses into the cell’s cytoplasm. Before the fusion takes place, M2 protein from type B viruses produces protons in the within of virion. Transmission The influenza viruses spread its disease via airborne. Accordingly, Hilleman (144) explains that the viruses are deposited in the lower part of the respiratory tract, however, they main part that they infect is the tracheobronchial mucosa. According to Hilleman the virus takes about six hours to replicate and the end of the process it kills the cell (145). The virus then attaches itself to the permissive cell through the hemaggulitinin; this is attached to the cell membrane that has glycolipids that have N-acetylneuraminic acid that has a receptor, where the virus is attached. After this the virus is then surrounded by the pinocytosis and moves to the endosomes. The endosomes have acid and this makes the virus envelope to merge with the plasma layer of the end osome, the virus then

Teen Suicide Risk Factors and Prevention :: Teenage Suicide Essays

Introduction A teenager is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Teen life is not just a fun stage. A teenager stage is also a stage full of responsibility. (Arnett, Jeffrey) As they grow, they discover and learn new things. We develop our skills and we met new people. We go to school to study; they met friends and sometimes have a special someone. How can these people affect their lives? What can push them to do unexpected things? A couple of years ago, it is not normal to hear news that a teen commits suicide because the way they live is different from the way we live right now. But now, as news flashes the television, almost every month someone commits suicide. It is alarming because the number of people who commits suicide is increasing. Suicide is one of the options of some teenagers to solve their different agenda. Another thing is teenagers did not realize what are the opportunities they are losing. Because of their simple problem that supposed to be solved easily. Teenagers nowadays are fund of seeking happiness that lead them to disappointment. They always expect joy not knowing the opposite thing that can happen. Sometimes they are doing different things to have a perfect life that they are wanting for. For them it can be obtained from their own capability but more often by others. Some of us think that being a teenager is the most precious stage in our lives but that is not true all the times, we should know first our limitations and people around us. It is not always good hurting someone or in other word â€Å"bullying someone". They are also humans like us and we are created equally, physically and emotionally. Poor teenagers often commit suicide because they can’t handle the pain other causing to them. They keep the pain with them not telling their parents because they do not want trouble for them. In this research statement it can easily identify the commonly causes why teenagers commit suicide. Does the society affect the teenagers that’s why they tried ending up their own life and also we will know all the possible solutions and proper treatment they should have before doing this kind of crime. This research brings various significances to various people. Particularly, this paper is significant to the students, to the parents, to the future researchers and to the teachers.

Why Was Slavery Abolished in 1833?

Why was slavery abolished in 1833? The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 was the culmination of the dedicated effort of a great many people and marked the end of slave ownership in British colonies. In order to assess and understand the relative influences on the passing of this act we can break them down into three broad categories; social, economic and political. In 1833 Britain was a country that prided itself on its forward thinking and enlightened nature. With the onset of the industrial revolution, modernisation was at the forefront of peoples minds and had made slavery seem to many, a barbaric throwback to another age.This is due in part to an influx of people moving into the cities which increased the amount of middle class non conformists such as the Quakers or Methodists. This is very important as the Great Reform Act of 1832 meant that most of the middle classes now had the right to vote. This added a great deal of political weight to the public voice which could obviously the n be used to help get slavery abolished. Another social aspect that influenced whether the slave trade was abolished was the greatly increased numbers of slaves who were converted to Christianity, but also the amount of slaves who were born Christian.Much of this was thanks to the Methodist missionaries of the time who travelled to British colonies to spread the word of God amoung the slaves. This posed an awkward moral question to the leaders of a devoutly Christian Britain, as they could not deny that it was against their own religion to enslave a fellow Christian, thus providing another reason for the immediate abolition of slavery. Social issues amongst the slaves themselves also provided fuel for the abolition arugment. There was growing unrest among the slave population, due to the incorrect assumption among many that the 1807 Slave Trade Act would mean that they would be freed.This unrest had maifested itself in three major rebellions between 1807 and 1833 in Barbados, Demera ra and Jamaica. Each rebellion had its own parituclar impact. For example the rebellion in Barbados set a precedent among slaves that they could and would fight for their freedom, even in a very well established British colony. As well as this, the rebellion in Demerara and the subsequent abhorrent retaliation by the white slave owners outraged many British people, no doubt made them even more sympathetic to the slaves cause and provided evidence to propogate the immorality of slavery.Finally, the largest rebellion of the three consisting of over 60,000 slaves actually led to a feeling amongst slave owners that they were ready to accept abolition due to the fear and risk now associated with maintaining their plantations. Even more directly than this, as a result of what happened in Jamaica,parliament actively began looking for ways to end slavery which Is obviously an extremely imporant aspect of why it was indeed abolished. Along with the social issues, and in some cases closely ti ed in to them are the economic explanations for the abolition of slavery.Chief among these reasons was the dawning realisation that slave produced sugar was becoming less and less economically viable. This was shown by renowned economist Adam Smith who explained to the public that due to the adoption of free trade which took away the extortianate import duties on non slave produced sugar, slave produced sugar was no longer cheaper. This meant that the plantation owners and other pro-slavery lobbyists had lost their strongest argument.Furthermore, while this was happening British industry was rapidly moving forward and the country was no longer dependant on the sugar trade. Due to this, many of the people who had financial ties with the slave trade had a way to re-invest their money, in many cases into the lucrative trade of housebuilding in the ever expanding cities. As such many people lost their main cause for supporting slavery, or at least were no longer forced to support it for fear of losing their income. Finally, we can look at the direct political influences on the abolition of slavery.The anti-slavery lobby which had gained such support leading up to the aboltion of the slave trade in 1807 had initially scaled down much of their activity as it was believed that the slave trade would slowly die out without the supply of new slaves being transported from Africa. However once it became clear that many slave owners were simply taking steps to ensure they maintained the levels of slaves at their disposal, by means of better healthcare and living conditions or even encouraging their slaves to ro-create, they began to re-assemble and re-organzie themselves and set about gathering more evidence to put forward to parliament. This conviniently coincided with the changing political structure at the time which as I mentioned earlier had increased the number of non conformists with the right to vote dramatically. In turn the evidence gathered in the colonies reach ed the sympathetic ears of people like the Methodists and Quakers, who unlike in 1807 had the right to vote.This combined with the fact that at the time that potential members of parliament were forced to declare their stand point on slavery meant that the will of the people now had an effective way to influence the politicians who could affect a change in the law. In conclusion, it's hard to say which one factor may have had the greatest impact on slavery eventually being abolished in 1833. Certainly, you could argue that the dwindling profit potential of slave produced sugar must have been a very important factor, but would that of been enough on it's own to prompt parliament to abolish slavery?I would argue that a combination of the modern enlightened way of thinking amongst the British people coupled with their new found political freedom was absolutely vital to the cause. It provided the voice which could not be ignored by any man in power and coupled with the testament of Adam Smith provided a seemingly irrefutable argument to parliament which gave them no choice but to pass the Slavery Abolition Act. Abolition then, was the result of not a single argument, but the new world and social values with its vastly different Social, Economic and Political influences than in times past.

I Am Not Ashamed By Walt Whitman - 1108 Words

I Am Not Ashamed When Walt Whitman wrote â€Å"I Hear America Singing†, he intentionally wanted to catch the attention of America’s individuality. Langston Hughes responded to Whitman, by writing â€Å"I, Too† because he felt like every culture wasn’t included in America according to Whitman’s poem. â€Å"I, Too† references African Americans during the time of Harlem Renaissance, World War I and II . One of the purposes of this poem is to attract the attention from African Americans and Caucasians. In this poem, Langston Hughes shows his ambition towards changing the level of equality of African Americans and the rest of America. The poem explains Hughes sitting at the table but being asked to move when a Caucasian comes in the restaurant. He is told to eat in the kitchen because he is a â€Å"darker brother†. The Caucasians who told him to give up his seat expects the personna to take offense to this, but instead laughs. He knows that one day he will be able to sit at the table and without the feeling of shame. This poem was written during the period of the Harlem Renaissance. Originating in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s, this movement was started to shed light on the history, experience, and creativity of the African American community. Though there are many cultures found within America, the prevailing culture at this time suppressed that of African Americans. The emphasis of the Negro culture promoted the need to understand and incorporate the Bryant-Erales 2 importance of thisShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the differences between Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes poem â€Å" I, Too, Sing America†. I will also be giving my opinion on whether or not Langston Hughes is responding to Walt Whitmans poem. Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and a columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist, and a journalist from West Hills, New York. This is all just background informationRead MoreWalt Whitman Spontaneous Me1530 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Whitman â€Å"Spontaneous Me† â€Å"Walt Whitman revolutionized American Poetry† (Norton 2190). A statement made by many, in which the American society can agree upon. His bold style of writing grasps the reader into a world where nature and sexuality meet. Whitman’s collection entitled Leaves of Grass was published in 1855 to a nation barely accepting of new ideas (Oakes). During the time of slavery and great religious value, Whitman’s pieces were considered immoral, traitorous and were often bannedRead MoreCompare And Contrast Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing753 Words   |  4 Pagesway to express themselves during this hard time. Walt Whitman, an American poet, used idealism to show his feelings during this period of time. Another poet by the name of Langston Hughes, who was a black man, who invented a new form of jazz poetry that incorporated both his own style of poetry and gave him a chance to show his opinions on the way his people were treated. Walt Whitmans poem, I hear A merica Singing, and Langston Hughes poem, I, Too, America, are both very good poems that compareRead MoreLangston Hughes And I Hear America Singing By Walt Whitman940 Words   |  4 Pagesworks it is crucial that the reader analyze the authors voice to gain a better understanding of the theme they are implying. In the contrast between the poems â€Å"I, too, sing America† by Langston Hughes, and â€Å"I hear America singing† by Walt Whitman it is clear that the two poets have very different point of views regarding American patriotism. Walt Whitman’s views on America’s joy and peace in his poems are very straightforward, while Langston Hughes poem--a response to Whitman’s--wants the reader to acknowledgeRead MoreI Too by Langston Hughes vs One Song America Before I Go by Walt Whitman1307 Words   |  6 Pagesself back and need to start taking pride in what they do and where they’re from. In â€Å"One Song, America, Before I Go† by W alt Whitman and â€Å"I Too† by Langston Hughes, the speakers celebrated the concepts of individuality, originality, and nationality. People of all kinds are influenced by their everyday life and it shows in their work. Walt Whitman is no exception to this rule. Whitman was born in 1819 on Long Island, New York. From there he was a free spirit. He worked many different jobs includingRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws Stranglehold On The American People1247 Words   |  5 Pagesas well as the unique sense of liberating American freedom is prevalent all throughout I, Too, Sing America. This poem is a protest against the rapid discrimination that was still ongoing, despite the advances to bridge the race gap that were made. This theme is developed by the extended metaphor which continued throughout the poem, an allusion as well as a expansion upon a earlier piece of literature called I Hear America Singing; which preaches a similar message that Hughs is trying to conveyRead MoreWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, And Tupac Shakur1088 Words   |  5 PagesWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Tupac Shakur have a major role in Eng lish Literature, Even though they live during the different time periods from different backgrounds, and they all have written many poems about the American dream. When it comes to the American dream, people have different points of view on the topic. Many people believe that American dream is about all American citizens having equal rights and opportunities to achieve the success through hard work. On the other hand, many peopleRead MoreThe American Dream897 Words   |  4 Pageswith persistence, people such as Langston Hughes in â€Å"I Too Sing America and Anzia Yezierska in â€Å"America and I† they were able to achieve their individual American Dream. In the poem â€Å"I Too Sing America† Langston Hughes is defiant to what the society believes. He knows that one day as a black male in America that he too will achieve the American dream. He states â€Å"I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen when company comes, but I laugh, and eat well, and grow strong. Tomorrow I’llRead MoreComparing Walt Whitmans I Hear America Singing And Langston Hughes1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhitman and Hughes (A detailed comparison of Walt Whitman’s I Hear America Singing and Langston Hughes I Too Sing America) Beginning after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the United Stated of America has yet to reach a time of unity like in years past. Why this is so is unclear, however it can clearly be seen that in the America today, unity is not a major theme in society. This was not always the case, as in 1880 Walt Whitman published a portion of his work entitled, I Hear America Singing (HearRead MoreComparison Of I Too Sing America1000 Words   |  4 Pagesideas or more built on top of one another. Walt Whitman once wrote the poem I Hear America Singing to show just how beautiful America can be with the countrys hardworking citizens singing songs of their craftsmanship and the good people doing their good work. On the other side of this coin, Langstan Hughes wrote the poem I, Too, Sing America in a response to Whitmans I Hear (America Singing). I, Too (,Sing America) seems to be the exact opposite of I Hear speaking of the more shameful side of

Teaching Philosophy A Child s Development Of Their...

Teaching Philosophy: A child’s development of their potential is greatly dependant on the ability of the teacher to recognise and perceive a child’s possibilities, to stimulate their learning and intellectual capacities, to thereby make a child’s underlying potential a reality. The commitment to my teaching will be underlined through links reflecting Rudolf Dreikurs Goal Centred Theory. Meeting student’s needs will be a crucial part of the everyday routines of my classroom. I want student’s to feel comfortable with their peers, to participate in meaningful classroom interactions and discussions so that they can learn from each other as well as myself. My attitude towards the class will be one that reflects a democratic and equitable†¦show more content†¦Motivation will be exuberated through Adolf Dreikurs (1998) reference to Alfred Adler’s concept of â€Å"Social Interest† or the feeling of belonging in society. I want a student’s potential for learning to be enhanced through the product of mutual respect and the opportunities presented with the sense of equality and responsibility acknowledged through decision making. Preventative Strategies: Classroom Culture: Rules and Procedures Teachers who incorporate the use of effective classroom management procedures promote independent learning and a greater success for their students in classrooms that are orderly, pleasant and productive (Rademacher, Callahan and Pederson-Seelye, 1998). Establishing routines that help to manage time, instruction, materials and student behaviour is essential to increasing student involvement across all areas of their learning. My approaches to creating rules for classroom are aligned with Dreikurs Goal centred Theory where facilitating mutual respect and understanding about rules, procedures and responses to misbehaviour is fostered. As Richard Curwin and Allen Mendler (1988) demonstrate in their research there is a great importance of student input in the establishment of classroom rules and procedures which should be viewed as a contract between the two. I would like to create a classroom constitution for any inconsistency in behaviour where students can be involved in the making of rules as

Chapter 3 Bec Case Study Answers Essay - 1479 Words

Assignment #3 – Marked by Quiz 3 Feb. 16, 2005 Reading: Chapter 3 Assigned Questions from Text: BEC Case Study pp 113-117 Answer all of the questions about BEC: Broadway Entertainment Co., Inc. Case Questions 1. The System Service Request (SSR) submitted by Carrie Douglass (BEC Figure 3-2) has not been reviewed by Professor Tann. If you were Professor Tann, would you ask for any changes to the request as submitted? If so, what changes, and if no changes, why? Remember, an SSR is a call for a preliminary study, not a thorough problem statement. I would not ask for any changes, because the SSR describes the problem that Carrie would like to solve and describes the system that she envisions that will solve the†¦show more content†¦The application is new, so neither IS staff nor users are familiar with the application. The project initiator is also inexperienced. Overall this is a low to moderate risk project. As a member of the student team, they might have risks associated with technical feasibility if they are not familiar with analysis techniques and Web-based technologies. Carrie is taking a risk by having a group of students conduct the analysis that will eventually support her request to BEC to build the new system, because the students are inexperienced with the systems analysis and design process. 6. If you were assigned to a team of students responsible for this project, how would you utilize the concept of incremental commitment in the design of the Baseline Project Plan? I would schedule formal review points after each phase of the project to ensure that the requirements are being met before allocating any more resources to the project. I would provide status reports to Carrie asking for feedback, and I would consider using prototyping at least during systems design. 7. If you were assigned to a team of students responsible for this project, when in the project schedule (in what phase or after which activities are completed) do you think you could develop an economic analysis of the proposed system? What economic feasibility factors do you think would be relevant? A preliminary economic analysis could be done after defining theShow MoreRelatedBec Case Study Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesEntertainment Co., Inc. Case Question Solutions 1. Review the data flow diagrams you developed for questions in the BEC case at the end of Chapter 5 (or diagrams given to you by your instructor.) Study the data flows and data stores on these diagrams and decide if you agree with the team’s conclusion that there are only the six entity types listed in this case and in BEC Figure 6-1. If you disagree, define additional entity types, explain why they are necessary, and modify BEC Figure 6-1. TheRead MoreBec Case Questions Chapter 51166 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study - (2,6,7,8,9) 2. Develop a detailed project schedule for the analysis phase and a general project schedule for subsequent phases of this project. This schedule should follow from answers to questions in BEC cases from prior chapters and from any class project guidelines given to you by your instructor. Be prepared to suggest a different overall schedule than the 18 workweeks indicated in the case if your available project time is different from this project length. Also prepareRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 PagesCurriculum from Different Points of View 1. Traditional Points of View of Curriculum* â€Å"It is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn†, and is synonymous to course of study and syllabus. *According to Robert Hutchins, curriculum is permanent study which emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3Rs while college education is for liberal education * Arthur BestorRead MoreAutomated Enrollment System2760 Words   |  12 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Many years ago, few people are using computers for personal, home, business and offices. From day to day, our world has been changed gradually from one condition to another. The evolution of new ideas always comes up to the minds of every person, especially the ideas always comes up to the minds of every people particularly those in the offices need to make working condition better. As the result, modern technology Read MoreDescribe How to Establish Respectful Professional Relationships with Adults52870 Words   |  212 Pages........ v Executive Summary ..............................................vii Chapter One Introduction and the Role ofClients ................................................1 Chapter Two General Comments on the Economic Background ................................................ 7 Chapter Three ProjectandContractStrategiesandBriefing ............................................... 11 Chapter Four TheDesignProcess: Consultantsand Specialist Contractors .......................Read MoreEvaluation of College Instructors Teaching Competencies Towards Proposed Human Resource Development Program5027 Words   |  21 PagesChapter 1 The problems and its Background Introduction In today’s competitive environment, developing and attaining standards or competence for all teachers has increased. Competencies are defined as the set of knowledge, skills and experience necessary for future, which manifests in activities (Katane et.al. 44). The standards and competence of teachers creates a professional and effective environment of â€Å"best teaching† practice. They allow schools to confidently make systems, policiesRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 PagesAnthropology 1A03 Exam Review Week 7 Monday October 18-Thursday October 21 â€Å"Expressive Culture† (Miller Text Chapter 11) Expressive Culture October 18: Expressive Culture is: Behaviour and beliefs related to art, leisure, and play. - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. Decorations, tattoos Religion: clothing, practices, etc. What is Art? Art is application of imagination, skill and style to matters movement, and soundRead MoreHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 DECLARATION OF ETHICS 4 Abstract 5 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 6 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 1.1Background 7 1.2 Statement of the problem 11 1.3 Purpose of the study 11 1.4 Research questions 11 1.5 Definition of key terms 12 1.6 Acronyms: 12 1.7 Significance of the study 13 1.8 Limitations 14 1.9 Delimitations 14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.0 INTRODUCTION 15 2.1 The origin of pastoral care 15 2.2 What isRead MoreHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words   |  615 PagesFor secondary school age. Mathematics–Textbooks. Mathematics–Problems, exercises, etc. 510 ISBN 978-0-521-13834-5 Paperback Reproduction and Communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this publication, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given